SMITH, Presiding Judge.

In this contract dispute, Coca-Cola Bottlers' Sales and Services Company LLC ("CCBSS") and Novelis Corporation ("Novelis") appeal from the trial court's rulings on cross-motions for summary judgment. In Case No. A11A0384, CCBSS appeals from the trial court's grant of summary judgment in favor of Novelis on CCBSS's claim for breach of contract, and in Case No. A11A0385, Novelis appeals from the trial court's grant of summary judgment to CCBSS on Novelis's counterclaims and affirmative defenses. We affirm in part and reverse in part in Case No. A11A0384, and we affirm in Case No. A11A0385.

On appeal from the grant or denial of summary judgment, we apply a de novo standard of review. Matjoulis v. Integon Gen. Ins. Corp., 226 Ga.App. 459(1), 486 S.E.2d 684 (1997). "The moving party must demonstrate that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the undisputed facts, viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, warrant judgment as a matter of law." (Punctuation omitted.) Lau's Corp. v. Haskins, 261 Ga. 491, 405 S.E.2d 474 (1991). See also OCGA § 9-11-56(c).

The record reveals that in 2005, CCBSS and Novelis entered into a "Soft Toll Agreement" ("STA") for aluminum can stock under which CCBSS directs its can manufacturers to purchase aluminum can sheet from Novelis for fabrication into can bodies, ends, and tabs in return for certain marketing payments.1

In 2007, CCBSS sued Novelis for breach of contract for offering more favorable prices "on both elements of the price of the can sheet: the aluminum price and the fees charged to convert that metal into sheet for beverage cans" to two of CCBSS's competitors in violation of the STA. CCBSS asserted breach in the form of a metal price claim and a conversion cost claim. Novelis counterclaimed for a declaratory judgment, unjust enrichment, and restitution; it also asserted several affirmative defenses claiming that the STA is unenforceable because Exhibit A, a list of CCBSS's members, was not attached though referenced by the STA.

Following extensive discovery, CCBSS moved for summary judgment on Novelis's counterclaims and Novelis's second, third, fourth, and fifth affirmative defenses, and Novelis moved for summary judgment on CCBSS's second amended complaint. The trial court granted CCBSS's motion for summary judgment and granted summary judgment to Novelis on CCBSS's breach of contract claims and its claim for attorney fees. It is from these orders that the parties appeal.

Case No. A11A0384

At issue here is Paragraph 14 of the STA titled "Most Favored Nations" ("MFN"). This provision states:

1. CCBSS contends that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to Novelis on its claim that Novelis offered better metal prices to CCBSS's competitors in violation of the MFN; in particular, the following provision: "discounts (including with respect to the metal price, only new discounts to the applicable LME-based price offered from the signature date on this Agreement)." CCBSS contends that Novelis breached by offering "new discounts" after the "signature date" of the STA to two of CCBSS's competitors, Anheuser Busch ("A-B") and Crown Cork and Seal ("Crown"). Novelis counters that summary judgment was proper because its contracts with A-B and Crown pre-dated the signature date of the STA, and therefore any discounts were not new discounts and were not offered after the signature date of the STA. We agree that the grant of summary judgment was proper on this claim, but for a different reason.

Under New York law, "it is axiomatic that when the provisions of a contract are clear and unambiguous, the interpretation thereof is a question of law and effect must be given to the parties' expressed intent." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Singh v. Dyckman, 202 A.D.2d 412, 413, 608 N.Y.S.2d 497 (1994). And "a written agreement that is complete, clear, and unambiguous on its face must be enforced according to the plain meaning of its terms." (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Norma Reynolds Realty v. Edelman, 29 A.D.3d 969, 969, 817 N.Y.S.2d 85 (2006).

The relevant portion of the MFN provides that "If, taking into account all conversion price related incentives, discounts (including with respect to the metal price, only new discounts . . . offered from the signature date on this Agreement), rebates, credits, . . .[,] Novelis . . . offers . . . to any customer . . . a lower conversion cost/lb . . . or any other element . . . that makes conversion cost/lb more advantageous to the customer," Novelis must make the same offer to CCBSS. (Emphasis supplied.). Under the plain language of this provision, "discounts" is one of several factors to be "tak[en] into account" if Novelis offers another customer a lower conversion price per pound. The term "discounts" is defined in part as new metal price discounts offered from the signature date of the STA. Therefore, as a "discount," i.e., a new metal price discount offered from the signature date of the STA, is only a factor to be "tak[en] into account" in determining whether Novelis offered a customer a lower conversion cost per pound.

In simple terms, the MFN provides that if Novelis offers another customer a lower conversion cost per pound, then it must also make the same offer to CCBSS. Contrary to the arguments presented by the parties, the MFN is not triggered by Novelis offering a new metal discount after the signature date; it is triggered by Novelis offering a lower conversion cost per pound, which is determined by "taking into account" discounts (including new discounts) and other factors. CCBSS therefore cannot sue Novelis for breach of a duty that does not exist under the terms of the contract. See, e.g., 428 Camera Corp. v. Tandy Corp., 272 A.D.2d 72, 72-73, 707 N.Y.S.2d 101 (2000) (no cause of action for breach of contract where sublease did not obligate tenant to repair or replace heating system); Merritt Hill Vineyards v. Windy Heights Vineyard, 94 A.D.2d 947, 947-948, 463 N.Y.S.2d 960 (1983) (where there is no duty to perform, nonperformance cannot constitute a breach of contract). The trial court therefore did not err in granting summary judgment to Novelis on CCBSS's claim that Novelis breached the MFN by offering a new metal price discount to A-B and Crown.3

2. CCBSS argues that genuine issues of material fact exist regarding Novelis's breach of the MFN provision providing A-B and Crown with a lower conversion cost per pound without also offering CCBSS the same conversion cost. The MFN provides that if Novelis offers to another customer "(A) a lower conversion cost/lb for at least three months or consecutive periods totaling at least three months, not to exceed three months in a year, or (B) any other element. . . that makes the conversion cost/lb more advantageous as a whole to the customer," Novelis must make the same offer to CCBSS. The STA provides no specific method for calculating conversion cost per pound.

CCBSS presents several arguments supporting its claim that Novelis offered a lower conversion cost per pound to A-B and Crown. It first points to the testimony of a witness designated by Novelis under OCGA § 9-11-30(b)(6) to respond to pricing issues. This witness acknowledged that in 2008, on a "gauge-by-gauge basis, Novelis charged [A-B] a lower conversion price for [A-B] directed volume than it charged [A-B] for CCBSS directed volume for the same type of can stock, even taking into account the marketing payment CCBSS received."4 She stated further that Novelis charged Crown a lower conversion cost for Crown direct volume than it charged Crown for CCBSS directed volume taking into account the rebate Novelis paid CCBSS. Novelis argues that the witness "compar[ed] prices on particular gauges [(thicknesses)] without taking into account the additions and subtractions required by the MFN."

Next, CCBSS argues that the trial court erred in relying on Novelis's methodology because it was not mentioned in the MFN, not agreed to by CCBSS, and was flawed. CCBSS's expert averred that instead of comparing CCBSS's net prices to the net prices of A-B and Crown, Novelis used a weighted average conversion fee that does not accurately reflect the net price per pound charged to A-B for A-B directed purchases pursuant to A-B's supply agreement with Novelis. He stated further that

(Emphasis in original.) CCBSS's expert concluded that for this and other reasons, "the methodology used by Novelis does not accurately calculate Novelis's compliance with the MFN."5

Novelis argues that its MFN compliance calculations and supporting testimony demonstrate that Novelis was in compliance with conversion prices for all relevant periods. Novelis presented the affidavit of its vice president of sales and marketing for North American can stock. He stated that he measured Novelis's compliance with the MFN in 2007 and 2008. The exhibits attached to his affidavit showed that Novelis's pricing to A-B and Crown for those years was compliant with the MFN.

The parties disagree about the proper method of calculating conversion costs, and the STA is silent on this issue. The evidence presented by the parties is therefore contradictory on the question of whether Novelis offered A-B and Crown lower conversion costs or an element that makes the conversion cost per pound more advantageous as a whole. Because there remains a genuine issue of material fact concerning Novelis's breach of this portion of the MFN, the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to Novelis. See, e.g., Board of Regents v. Doe, 278 Ga.App. 878, 888(3), 630 S.E.2d 85 (2006).6

3. Because we have held in Division 2 that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to Novelis on CCBSS's claim that Novelis offered a lower conversion price to CCBSS's competitors, we must also reverse the grant of summary judgment to Novelis on CCBSS's claim for attorney fees pursuant to OCGA § 13-6-11. See, e.g., Jamal v. Hussein, 237 Ga.App. 779, 785(3), 515 S.E.2d 407 (1999) (reversing grant of summary judgment on attorney fees in light of holding that summary judgment on main claim was improper).

Case No. A11A0385

4. In two enumerations, Novelis claims that because the Exhibit A referred to in the STA was never attached, the STA is unenforceable and the trial court erred in granting CCBSS summary judgment on Novelis's affirmative defense based on this ground. The first paragraph of the STA provides: "This Soft Toll Agreement for Aluminum Can Stock . . . by and between Novelis . . . and [CCBSS], acting solely as agent for and on behalf of its members identified in Exhibit A attached hereto and made part hereof (the `Members')." (Emphasis supplied.) The parties do not dispute that Exhibit A, listing the members or the bottlers represented by CCBSS, was not attached to the STA.

The trial court held that

We agree. "A contract is unenforceable where there is no meeting of the minds between the parties regarding a material element thereof." (Citation omitted.) Computer Assoc. Intl. v. U.S. Balloon Mfg., 10 A.D.3d 699, 700, 782 N.Y.S.2d 117 (2004). And

(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Korff v. Corbett, 18 A.D.3d 248, 250, 794 N.Y.S.2d 374 (2005). Moreover,

(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Wells Fargo Bank Northwest v. U.S. Airways, 30 Misc.3d 1241, 2011 WL 1107127 (2011) (unpublished).7

Because the exhibit listing CCBSS's members was omitted from the contract, but can be explained or supplemented by the parties' course of dealing, the trial court did not err in considering extrinsic evidence to determine the parties' understanding of whom CCBSS was representing as its members. Id.; see N.Y. U.C.C. Law § 2-202(a) (2011). The New York Uniform Commercial Code provides that "[t]he express terms of the agreement and any such course of performance, as well as any course of dealing and usage of trade, shall be construed whenever reasonable as consistent with each other." N.Y. U.C.C. Law § 2-208 (2011).

It is clear, from the deposition testimony of a Novelis negotiator, that Novelis understood that CCBSS was representing all of its North American members. The negotiator stated that he understood that the STA "was for 85 percent of the can sheet requirements of all North American Coca-Cola Bottlers." A second Novelis negotiator for the STA deposed that he understood that CCBSS acted as agent for procurement in North America, and that at no time during negotiations did the parties go "through that long list of who the members were." See Korff, supra.

Moreover, review of the STA itself reveals various references to North America: (1) North America is defined in the STA; (2) Paragraph 4.1 provides that "CCBSS, as agent for the Members, shall require that the Members' CMs [can manufacturers] purchase a minimum of eight-five (85%) of their collective North American requirements"; (3) the same provision provides that "[t]he members, through CCBSS as agent shall instruct the CMs to purchase Aluminum Can Stock under this Agreement for delivery to ship-to locations in North America that are mutually agreed upon"; and (4) Paragraph 14 discusses the consequences of Novelis offering to another customer "for delivery in North America" a lower conversion cost. The STA also contemplated possible changes in CCBSS's members during the contract term.

The extrinsic evidence before the trial court shows that the parties understood that CCBSS represented all of its North American members and that the specific list of those members was not necessarily material to the consummation of the STA. Although Novelis argues that the trial court ignored other contradictory evidence that would have precluded the grant of summary judgment, none of this evidence creates a material issue of fact as none contradicts CCBSS's assertion, Novelis' acknowledgment, and other language in the STA, that CCBSS was representing all of its North American members. See Baker v. Baker, 257 Ga. 187, 188-189, 356 S.E.2d 873 (1987) (expert affidavit did not create material issue of fact where undisputed evidence answered question of what parties mutually agreed upon).

Novelis's reliance on 166 Mamaroneck Ave. Corp. v. 151 East Post Rd. Corp., 78 N.Y.2d 88, 91-92, 571 N.Y.S.2d 686, 575 N.E.2d 104 (1991), for the proposition that the trial court can only rely on an objective extrinsic event, is misplaced. In that case, although the contract did not explain how rent was to be calculated in a lease, the parties selected a process for making that calculation. Id. In holding that the renewal term of the lease was enforceable, the court held that where there is an absence of an explicit contract term, the requirement of definiteness can be satisfied by an agreement as to the methodology for determining the missing term or an objective extrinsic event, condition or standard on which the amount was made to depend. Id. at 92, 571 N.Y.S.2d 686, 575 N.E.2d 104; see also Chesler v. Bronstein, 176 Misc.2d 237, 242-243, 672 N.Y.S.2d 82 (1997) (where agreement is silent as to dollar amount, court can look to see if agreement contains methodology for determining missing term or reference can be made to objective extrinsic event). The missing exhibit here was not "an explicit term" such as price requiring objective extrinsic evidence, but rather a periphreal matter not affecting the purpose of the contract here.

5. Because we have found in Division 4 that the trial court did not err in denying Novelis's claim that the STA is unenforceable, Novelis's claim for unjust enrichment is moot.

6. Novelis claims that the trial court erred in ruling that a statement concerning the metal price claim by CCBSS's president was privileged. This contention, however, is rendered moot by our holding in Division 1 that Novelis had no obligation to CCBSS with regard to CCBSS's metal price claim.

For the above reasons, we affirm in Case No. A11A0385, but reverse in part the trial court's judgment in Case No. A11A0384 because a genuine issue of material fact remains concerning whether Novelis breached the STA by offering a lower conversion cost to another customer.

Judgment affirmed in part and reversed in part in Case No. A11A0384. Judgment affirmed in Case No. A11A0385.

MIKELL and DILLARD, JJ., concur.